Reading the Research: Diagnosing Autism via Movement
Today\’s article suggests an alternative form of diagnosis for autism, from a rather unusual angle: movement. Using high speed sensors, the scientists examined 70 volunteers as they touched objects on a screen. It turned out that participants who had autism diagnoses exhibited a greater amount of fluctuations in speed when reaching to the screen, to the point where the movement score was predictive of the diagnosis, and vice versa, right down to the more heavily affected autistic (\”lower-functioning\”) people having the most extreme scores. This is the second study of this kind this team has done, according to the article, and the previous study also had promising results.
For the confused, these results kind of make sense in the \”autism is a brain difference\” way of looking at things. If your brain areas are connected in unusual ways, your movements are going to be more uncoordinated and possibly less controlled than someone whose brain is more normally-developing. In basic areas of functioning, this may not matter. For example, I can fold origami, and did so quite a bit in preparation for my wedding. I can cook with sharp knives, without chopping off my fingers (though admittedly I am VERY careful with knives I know are sharp). I can move myself up and down sets of stairs and through hallways without bashing my elbows on things (usually…).
But growing up, I was fairly uncoordinated when it came to gym class, which did not endear me to my peers when everyone was focused on winning. And, truth be told, it took me a lot of tries to learn how to fold origami, and to make chainmail jewelry. More, I think, than most people would need, if the people I\’ve taught are any indication. I feel like, as a rule, I tend to take greater care with my fine motor movements (like folding origami, chopping vegetables, pushing buttons) than most people do. If that\’s true, and this study is accurate, that might explain a lot. My extra care in these movements would just be one more remediation of a weakness that autism has given me.
On a different note, it\’s been noted in various medically-minded textbooks that unusual walking patterns (gait) or clumsiness in movements is often found in autistic people. I can\’t say for sure how diagnostic such a thing is, but I do know I walk oddly, with my steps being too long. If I\’m doing very poorly that day, I tend to \”clunk\” or become less graceful, too. It\’s like I no longer have the energy to expend trying to walk gracefully
Then, too, I don\’t know about you, but I have known people I could identify by how they walked. A certain amount of leaning forward, a way of lurching to one side, a jerkiness to the steps, perhaps. This sort of thing is gross (major) body movement, rather than the fine (and almost imperceptible) movement these scientists were testing for… but if I can notice such a thing, then perhaps this same concept does scale all the way down to the fine motor movements. It\’s a promising, and possibly very fruitful, line of inquiry.
I\’d be curious to know whether the scoring system they\’re using for this study had any interesting results with other populations, like depressed people, intellectual disabilities, or ADHD. Any tests that would result from something like this would be a great deal less subjective than current assessments for autism. Because we don\’t really know what causes autism, there are no blood tests, genetic screenings, or any other form of objective medical test. Something like this, if it can be replicated and the results hold true, could be a very quick, objective measure of whether a person is autistic. That would save a bundle of money in short order, as it is currently very expensive to test for autism. It requires a well-trained professional, specific expensive tests, and the time to administer them. Something like this would require only a high speed camera and a computer program.
Book Review: The Ultimate Guide to Sex and Disability
The Ultimate Guide to Sex and Disability: For All of Us Who Live with Disabilities, Chronic Pain, and Illness, by Miriam Kaufman, Cory Silverberg, and Fran Odette is a reference volume of over 300 pages. It contains an entire education\’s worth of sex ed, from myths (chapter 1) to philosophy (chapters 1, 2, 3, and 10), to anatomy and how-tos (chapters 5-9), to safe sex and identifying sexual violence (chapters 4, 12, and 13). Each chapter is accompanied by quotes from various people with disabilities talking about their experiences. I don\’t think I\’ve ever come across such a complete, thoughtful, positive treatment of the subject, particularly when it comes to people with disabilities. Needless to say, I hope, I consider this book a fantastic resource for any person, especially given the rather lacking sex ed courses I myself went through.
Please note that this book is written in broad brush strokes, in hopes of being useful to as many kinds of people with disabilities as possible. It is not, therefore, autism-specific, though at least one of the quotes from people with disabilities was autistic. Several chapters include sections of specific things to keep in mind for physical disabilities, or chronic fatigue, or other impairments. There\’s less emphasis on mental and emotional disabilities or differences. But, admittedly, it\’s harder to make broad recommendations for such a diverse group. They do, at least, have a paragraph here and there about hypersensitivity to touch, which is often applicable to autistic people.
Something important to mention before I go much further, is that one of the first myths this book dispels is the \”people with disabilities and chronic illnesses are not sexual\” myth. I have never personally suffered from this myth, but I\’ve always \”seemed\” normal, so that\’s probably why. I do think the authors are right on target with this, though, that people in wheelchairs or who have other obvious disabilities are assumed to be like children, despite having the brains, temperaments, bodies, and libidos of an adult. This myth is obviously ridiculous when you look at it too hard, but I don\’t think most people do, because sex is assumed to be only for the young, healthy, and beautiful in US culture. Never mind that the human species would have died out if that was actually the case…
For me, one of the most important chapters in the book was Chapter 4, which is on communication. I married my spouse last year, and we have since done some exploration into our sexualities now that it\’s socially acceptable to do so… but a major hindrance has been my difficulty talking or thinking about the matter. Society, especially the church, has preached loudly and clearly that sex should be considered a shameful thing that you\’re only allowed to do once you get married, and that solo sex (masturbation) is unacceptable. Nobody wants to talk about it. Sex ed is perfunctionary at best. So most of what I\’ve learned on the subject, I\’ve been learning in my 20s.
This book could change all that. Because, like anything else in a relationship, communication is key. You need to be able to tell your partner what you like and what you want, and your partner needs to be able to tell you those things, too. That\’s difficult for me, between my social conditioning, my sensory issues, and the fact that I become nonverbal when I\’m sufficiently involved with sex things. The end result has been a lot of frustration, overall. This book has suggestions for that, though. You can establish hand signals to indicate things like \”Yes, this is good,\” \”no, this isn\’t good,\” \”do more of this,\” and \”stop.\”
Another notable positive point about this book is that it is relatively LGBTQIA+ friendly. While the book doesn\’t go out of its way to make a big deal about it, people of all kinds are represented in the quotations. The book does simply refer to people who have vaginas as \”women\” and people who have penises as \”men,\” but I think it probably does that for simplicity\’s sake, rather than any particular transphobic-ness.
The last thing I found interesting about this book is that it had a number of sections talking about how to deal with being a sexual person while institutionalized, or having attendants or support staff around a lot. As a whole, the disability community is trying to move away from institutions, but they\’ll probably remain a (horrifying) thing for a while longer. So the tips and suggestions in this book are very valuable for frustrated, dehumanized adults in institutions.
Before anyone gets too horrified about all this positivity and talking about sex, please do keep in mind that one of the reasons sexual abuse is such a powerful form of abuse is because no one wants to talk about it or hear about it. This is particular true for disabled people, who are assumed to not be sexual, desirable, or competent in any fashion. Look up the statistics for sexual abuse against disabled people, look me in the eye and tell me that isn\’t a problem. The solution isn\’t hushing up the matter, it\’s making it safer to talk about, so everyone can be safer about sex, more educated about themselves and other people, and make better decisions.
But this book does go into the necessary precautions and safety tips for having a safe sex life: everything from abusers and allergies to STDs and birth control. I was a bit disappointed that their birth control section really only covered condoms and female condoms, and there are over a dozen different options, with more being researched. But admittedly, adding hormones to a person\’s already shaky biology can be a really bad plan, and a lot of the current birth control options are hormone-based. Additionally, many of these options aren\’t very disability-friendly. For people with physical disabilities, even condoms aren\’t all that accessible, with the exception of one brand of polyurethane condoms that they highlight (and I couldn\’t find online, sadly).
Read This Book If
Worth Your Read: Choosing Supports While Keeping Autonomy
This particular article is most relevant for parents and more heavily affected autistic people, as it\’s one autistic person\’s guide to sorting out support services by whether they give a crap about a basic human right: autonomy. Whether you\’re neurotypical or heavily-affected with many difficulties and disabilities, all people need some control over their lives.
Disabled people are often assumed to be like children in that even with adult bodies, brains, and sex drives, they\’re expected to give up control of their lives and do whatever they\’re told, irrespective of their interests, ideas, hopes, and dreams. This is cruel and thoughtless, and one of the reasons mental institutions tend to be evil relics of the past. Even if the person isn\’t capable of managing their affairs entirely, it\’s imperative to keep as much control of their lives in their hands as possible. Otherwise, psychology is quite clear about what happens to people (autistic or neurotypical) without control over their lives: we get fearful, depressed, miserable, angry, and even violent. This is not what you want for yourself or your child, if you care at all about their happiness.
So, all that said, the guide, from Thinking Person\’s Guide to Autism.